SURFACE_MASTER_SPECIES
	Qz		QzOH       	# Qz  	= Mineral phase: Quartz, amorphous Silica
    Fsp		FspOH      	# Fsp 	= Mineral group: Feldspar (albite, anorthite, ortholclase, microcline)
	Mi		MiOH       	# Mi  	= Mineral group: Mica (muscovite, biotite)
	Gt 		GtOH       	# Gt  	= Mineral group: Fe(III)-minerals (goethite, hematite)
	Gb		GbOH		# Gb	= Mineral group: Aluminumhydroxids (gibbsite, boehmite, diaspore, amorphous Al(OH)3)
	Kln		KlnOH		# Kln	= Mineral group: 2-layer-clay minerals (kaolinite)
	Ill		IllOH		# Ill	= Mineral group: 3-layer-clay minerals (montmorillonite, illite)

SURFACE_SPECIES					
# Quartz
    QzOH = QzOH
	log_K	0.0
    QzOH + H+ = QzOH2+
	log_K	-1.13							# pK1 from /PJTP01/ [DDLM]
	QzOH = QzO- + H+
	log_K	-6.92							# pK2 from /AZBN00a/, /PJTB01/, /CJ99/, /CKPPK98/, /O95b/ and /TS96/ (average value) [DDLM]

      QzOH + Cs+ = QzOHCs+
	log_k   2.39						# Data from /HFGM96/ and /MDF99b/ (average value) [CCM]
      QzOH + Cs+ = QzOCs + H+
	log_k   -7.01						# Data from /HFGM96/ and /MDF99b/ (average value) [CCM]
           				
   	QzOH + Ra+2 = QzORa+ + H+				
	log_k	 -0.57						# Data from /KFYNM99/ for Sr2+ [DDLM]

	QzOH + Ni+2 = QzONi+ + H+
	log_k   -3.29						# Data from /OL97/
      QzOH + Ni+2 + H2O = QzONi(OH) + 2H+
	log_k   -11.99						# Data from /OL97/
           				
	QzOH + Am+3 = QzOAm+2 + H+			
	log_k   0.67 						# Data from /L93/
      QzOH + Am+3 + H2O = QzOAm(OH)+ + 2H+
	log_k   -7.03 						# Data from /L93/
 	QzOH + Am+3 + 2H2O = QzOAm(OH)2 + 3H+
	log_k   -14.74  						# Data from /L93/
	
	QzOH + Th+4 + H2O = QzOTh(OH)+2  + 2H+			
	log_k   1.43 						# Data from /R82a/
      QzOH + Th+4 + 2H2O = QzOTh(OH)2+ + 3H+
	log_k   -2.83						# Data from /R82a/
 	QzOH + Th+4 + 3H2O = QzOTh(OH)3  + 4H+
	log_k   -8.97						# Data from /R82a/
	QzOH + Th+4 + 4H2O = QzOTh(OH)4- + 5H+
	log_k   -14.72  						# Data from /R82a/

	QzOH + NpO2+ = QzONpO2 + H+
	log_k   -3.72						# Data from /ZB 04/	
     	QzOH + NpO2+ + H2O = QzOHNpO3- + 2H+
	log_k   -12.16						# Data from /ZB 04/	
     
	QzOH + UO2+2 = QzOUO2+ + H+
	log_k   0.62						# Data from /PTBP98/ [DDLM]	
    QzOH + UO2+2 + H2O = QzOUO2(OH) + 2H+
	log_k   -5.44						# Data from /PTBP98/ [DDLM]		
    QzOH + 3UO2+2 + 5H2O = QzO(UO2)3(OH)5 + 6H+
	log_k   -16.11						# Data from /PTBP98/[DDLM]	 	
    QzOH + UO2+2 + CO2 + H2O = QzOUO2CO3- + 3H+
	log_k   -7.06						# logK from /DK01/
      
	# no SCM data for SeO4-2

	QzOH + Ca+2 = QzOCa+ + H+			
  	log_k   -5.96						# Data from /R82a/	
	
	QzOH + SO4-2 + H+ = QzOH2SO4-
	log_k   2.67						# Data from /BB01/
 
	#QzOH + Mg+2 = QzOMg+ + H+			
	#log_k   -6.91						# Data from /OL97/; Mg not considered in ESTRAL
      
	# no SCM data for Al+3
	# no SCM data for Fe+3
	# no SCM data for CO3-2 (only with Uranyl)
	# no SCM data for SiO3-2

	# Feldspars
	FspOH = FspOH
	log_K	0.0
      FspOH + H+ = FspOH2+	
	log_K	6.90							# pK1 from /AZBN00b/ and Batchexperiment GRS (average value) [DDLM]
	FspOH = FspO- + H+
	log_K	-7.72							# pK2 from /AZBN00b/ and Batchexperiment GRS (average value) [DDLM]
      
      FspOH + Cs+ = FspOCs + H+
	log_k	0.53							# Data from /STKTM07/ (without TL)		
     	
	FspOH + Ra+2 = FspORa+ + H+				
	log_k	-4.36							# Data from Batchexperiment GRS for Sr2+

	# no SCM data for Ni+2

	FspOH + Am+3 = FspOAm+2 + H+				
	log_k	2.40							# Data from Batchexperiment GRS 

	# no SCM data for Th+4

	# no SCM data for NpO2+

	FspOH + UO2+2 = FspOUO2+ + H+
	log_k	1.67							# Data from /AZZBN01/
 
	# no SCM data for SeO4-2
	# no SCM data for matrix components

 # Mica
	MiOH = MiOH
	log_K	0.0
      MiOH + H+ = MiOH2+	
	log_K	6.42							# pK1 from /AZBN00a/ and Batchexperiment GRS (average value) [DDLM]
	MiOH = MiO- + H+
	log_K	-8.08							# pK2 from /AZBN00a/ and Batchexperiment GRS (average value) [DDLM]
      
      MiOH + Cs+ = MiOCs + H+
	log_k   -5.83						# Data from Batchexperiment GRS
      
	# no SCM data for Ni+2

	MiOH + Sr+2 = MiOSr+ + H+				
	log_k	-6.79							# Data from Batchexperiment GRS 

	MiOH + Am+3 = MiOAm+2 + H+	
	log_k	1.43							# Data from Batchexperiment GRS 

	# no SCM data for Th+4

	MiOH + NpO2+ = MiONpO2 + H+
	log_k   -4.28						# Data from /WAT01b/	
     	MiOH + NpO2+ + H2O = MiONpO2(OH)- + 2H+
	log_k   -11.61						# Data from /WAT01b/	
     
	MiOH + UO2+2 = MiOUO2+ + H+
	log_k   -0.5						# Data from /AZZBN01/
 	MiOH + UO2+2 + H2O = MiOUO2(OH) + 2H+
	log_k  -5.7							# Data from /AZZBN01/ (there: Mi(OH)2 + UO2+2 = MiO2UO2 + 2H+)		
								
     	# no SCM data for SeO4-2
	# no SCM data for matrix components

 # Fe(III)minerals
	GtOH = GtOH
	log_K    0.0
	GtOH + H+ = GtOH2+
	log_K    7.23						# pK1 from /AD96a/, /APQ67/, /AVTC02/, /BCHSS98/, /DH03/, /HREL91/, /K97c/, /LE94/, /MF92a/, /MGM03/, /PS04c/, /RL98/, /S79/, /STSVH93/, /TS96/, /VHV96a/, /VRL94/, /C96/, /MF99/, and /PS04c/ (average value) [DDLM]
	GtOH = GtO- + H+
	log_K   -9.73						# pK2 from /AD96a/, /APQ67/, /AVTC02/, /BCHSS98/, /DH03/, /HREL91/, /K97c/, /LE94/, /MF92a/, /MGM03/, /PS04c/, /RL98/, /S79/, /STSVH93/, /TS96/, /VHV96a/, /VRL94/, /C96/, /MF99/, and /PS04c/ (average value) [DDLM]

	GtOH + Cs+ = GtOCs + H+
	log_k   -8.23						# Data from /SS97a/	
	
  	GtOH + Ni+2 = GtONi+ + H+
	log_k   -0.64						# Data from /BBS03/
 
	GtOH + Ra+2 = GtOHRa+2
	log_K    2.22						# Data from /ZB99/ [NEM] without ionic strenght corrrectur (I=1) for Sr2+
	GtOH + Ra+2 = GtORa+ + H+				
	log_K    -5.30						# Data from /ZB99/ [NEM] without ionic strenght corrrectur (I=1) for Sr2+
	GtOH + Ra+2 + H2O = GtORa(OH) + 2H+
	log_K    -14.14						# Data from /ZB99/ [NEM] without ionic strenght corrrectur (I=1) for Sr2+
     	
	GtOH + Am+3 = GtOAm+2 + H+				
	log_K    0.14						# Data from /C96/ (SCM Type: NE-Model)
	GtOH + Am+3 + H2O = GtOAm(OH)+ + 2H+
	log_K    -6.56						# Data from /C96/ (SCM Type: NE-Model)
      GtOH + Am+3 + 2H2O = GtOAm(OH)2 + 3H+
	log_K    -15.26						# Data from /C96/ (SCM Type: NE-Model)

      GtOH + Th+4 = GtOHTh+4  			
	log_k   18.42 						# Data from /CMFGG98/
      GtOH + Th+4 + 2H2O = GtOTh(OH)2+ + 3H+
	log_k   -2.28						# Data from /CMFGG98/
 	GtOH + Th+4 + 4H2O = GtOTh(OH)4- + 5H+
	log_k   -16.98  						# Data from /CMFGG98/

	GtOH + NpO2+ = GtOHNpO2+
	log_k   5.13						# Data from /WAT01b/	
	GtOH + NpO2+ = GtONpO2 + H+
	log_k   -3.05						# Data from /WAT01b/	
     	GtOH + NpO2+ + H2O = GtONpO2(OH)- + 2H+
	log_k   -12.37						# Data from /WAT01b/	

	GtOH + UO2+2 = GtOHUO2+2
	log_k   9.61						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]
	GtOH + UO2+2 = GtOUO2+ + H+	
	log_k   2.15						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]
	GtOH + UO2+2 + H2O = GtOUO2(OH) + 2 H+
	log_k   -5.36						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]
    GtOH + UO2+2 + 2H2O = GtOUO2(OH)2- + 3H+
	log_k   -12.89						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]
	GtOH + UO2+2 + 4H2O = GtOHUO2(OH)4-2 + 4H+
	log_k   -21.23						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]

	GtOH + UO2+2 + 3CO3-2 + H+ = GtOH2UO2(CO3)3-3
   	log_k   36.28						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]
	GtOH + UO2+2 + 2CO3-2 + H+ = GtOH2UO2(CO3)2-
   	log_k   29.15						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]
	GtOH + UO2+2 + CO3-2 = GtOHUO2CO3
	log_k   16.32						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]
	GtOH + 2UO2+2 + CO3-2 + 3H2O = GtOH2(UO2)2CO3(OH)3 + 2H+
   	log_k   12.62						# logK from /TS96/ [WTD from TRI84 and H&L85]
			
	GtOH + SeO4-2  + H+ =  GtSeO4- + H2O
	log_k   7.73						# Data from /DM90/
	GtOH + SeO4-2  =  GtOHSeO4-2
	log_k   0.8							# Data from /DM90/

	GtOH + Ca+2 = GtOCa+ + H+			
	log_k   -7.05						# Data from /AD96a/	
	#GtOH + Ca+2 + H2O = GtOCa(OH) + 2H+
	#log_k   -17.00						# Data from /AD96a/	
	
	#GtOH + Mg+2 = GtOMg+ + H+			
	#log_k   -5.41						# Data from /BM81/; Mg not considered in ESTRAL	
      #GtOH + Mg+2 + H2O = GtOMg(OH) + 2H+
	#log_k   -14.21						# Data from /BM81/; Mg not considered in ESTRAL	

      GtOH + Al+3 + H2O = GtOAl(OH)+ + 2H+
	log_k   -0.88						# Data from /LSS90/
	GtOH + Al+3 + 2H2O = GtOAl(OH)2 + 3H+
	log_k   -8.60						# Data from /LSS90/

	GtOH + CO2 + H2O = GtCO3H + H2O
	log_k   2.9							# Data from Waite et al., 1994 (calculated from experimental data of Zachara et al. (1987) Ferrihydrite	
	GtOH + CO2 + H2O = GtCO3- + H+ + H2O
	log_k   -5.09						# Data from Waite et al., 1994 (calculated from experimental data of Zachara et al. (1987)/ Ferrihydrite
	
	#GtOH + SiO3-2 + H+ = GtSiO3- + H2O
	#log_k   15.90						# Data from /DM90/	[DDLM]
	#GtOH + SiO3-2 = GtOHSiO3-2 
	#log_k   -8.00						# Data from /DM90/	[DDLM]
	
	GtOH + SO4-2 + H+ = GtOH2SO4-
	log_k   5.25						# Data from /K97c/ 
  	GtOH + SO4-2  = GtOHSO4-2
	log_k   -0.19						# Data from /K97c/ 
  	
		
# Aluminumhydroxids
	GbOH = GbOH
	log_K	0.0
      GbOH + H+ = GbOH2+	
	log_K	7.06							# pK1 from /KD10/,/NS06/ and /TS96/ (average value) [DDLM]
	GbOH = GbO- + H+
	log_K	-9.84							# pK2 from /KD10/,/NS06/ and /TS96/ (average value) [DDLM]
      
     	# no SCM data for Cs+
     
 	# no SCM data for Ra+2

	GbOH + Ni+2 + H2O = GbONi(OH) + 2H+
	log_k   -9.36						# Data from /SEM99/

	GbOH + Am+3 = GbOAm+2 + H+				
	log_K    2.49						# Data from /ZB04/

	# no SCM data for Th+4

	GbOH + NpO2+ = GbOHNpO2+
	log_k   4.89						# Data from /WAT01b/	
	GbOH + NpO2+ = GbONpO2 + H+
	log_k   -3.63						# Data from /WAT01b/	
	GbOH + NpO2+ + H2O = GbONpO2(OH)- + 2H+
	log_k   -13.21						# Data from /WAT01b/	

	GbOH + UO2+2 = GbOUO2+ + H+ 				# Data from /DMB98/
	log_k   1.56							
 	GbOH + UO2+2 + H2O = GbOUO2(OH) + 2H+
	log_k   -4.97						# Data from /DMB98/ and /ZM93/ (average value)		
	GbOH + 3UO2+2 + 5H2O = GbO(UO2)3(OH)5 + 6H+
	log_k   -16.00						# Data from /ZM93/		
	
	GbOH + SeO4-2  =  GbOHSeO4-2
	log_k   5.07						# Data from /KD10/
	
	GbOH + SO4-2 + H+ = GbOH2SO4-
	log_k   6.49						# Data from /K97c/ [DDLM]	
  	GbOH + SO4-2 = GbOHSO4-2
	log_k   -0.35						# Data from /K97c/ [DDLM]
	
	# no SCM data for Ca+2
	# no SCM data for Al+3
	# no SCM data for Fe+3
	# no SCM data for CO3-2
	

# Kaolinite
	KlnOH = KlnOH
	log_K	0.0
    	KlnOH + H+ = KlnOH2+       
	log_K  8.44		   					# pK1 from /TS96/ and /CW88/ (average value) [DDLM]
	KlnOH = KlnO- + H+
	log_K  -9.20            				# pK2 from /TS96/ and /CW88/ (average value) [DDLM]
    	
      KlnOH + Cs+ = KlnOCs + H+
	log_k   -7.71						# Data from /XW92/,/GSF98/ and /JCH98/ (average value)	
  
	KlnOH + Ra+2 = KlnORa+ + H+				
	log_K    -0.55						# Data from /R82a/ for Sr2+
	KlnOH + Ra+2 + H2O = KlnORa(OH) + 2H+
	log_K    -9.60						# Data from /R82a/ for Sr2+
     
	KlnOH + Ni+2 = KlnONi+ + H+
	log_k   -2.94						# Data from /AR05/ and /OL97/ (average value)	
	
	KlnOH + Am+3 = KlnOAm+2 + H+				
	log_K    -1.89 						# Data from /TBSCGLC06/	
	
	# no SCM data for Th+4

	KlnOH + NpO2+ = KlnONpO2 + H+
	log_k   -4.15						# Data from /WAT01b/	

	KlnOH + UO2+2 = KlnOHUO2+2
	log_k   9.2							# logK from /PAY92/ (in TS96)
	KlnOH + UO2+2 = KlnOUO2+ + H+
	log_k   2.18						# logK from /PAY92/ (in TS96
 	KlnOH + UO2+2 + H2O = KlnOUO2(OH) + 2H+
	log_k   -4.74		
 	
	KlnOH + SeO4-2 + H+ =  KlnOH2SeO4-
	log_k   9.8							# Data from /WLL00/ (logK for alumina)
	
	KlnOH + Ca+2 = KlnOCa+ + H+			
	log_k   -6.99						# Data from /R82a/ [TLM]	
	#KlnOH + Ca+2 + H2O = KlnOCa(OH) + 2H+
	#log_k   -10.95						# Data from /R82a/ [TLM]	

	KlnOH + SO4-2 + H+ = KlnOH2SO4-
	log_k   9.90						# Data from /RZEAA88/ [TLM]	
  	KlnOH + SO4-2 + 2H+ = KlnOH2HSO4
	log_k   16.01						# Data from /RZEAA88/ [TLM]

	# no SCM data for Al+3
	# no SCM data for Fe+3
	# no SCM data for CO3-2
	

# 3-layer-clay minerals
   	IllOH = IllOH
	log_K	0.0
    	IllOH + H+ = IllOH2+
	log_K  5.35                    			# pK1 from /BB97b/, /WMDV98/, and /WAKWW94/ (average value) [DDLM]
	IllOH = IllO- + H+
	log_K   -7.94                  			# pK2 from /BB97b/, /WMDV98/, and /WAKWW94/ (average value) [DDLM]
    	
      IllOH + Cs+ = IllOHCs+
	log_k   2.08				
	IllOH + Cs+ = IllOCs + H+
	log_k   -5.08			
	
	IllOH + Ra+2 = IllORa+ + H+				
	log_K    -0.09						# Data from /GF96/ for Sr2+

	IllOH + Ni+2 = IllONi+ + H+
	log_k   -3.38						# Data from /BB05a/ and /GE07/ (average value)	

	IllOH + Am+3 = IllOAm+2 + H+				
	log_K    2.93			
	IllOH + Am+3 + H2O = IllOAm(OH)+ + 2H+
	log_K    -5.38					
      IllOH + Am+3 + 2H2O = IllOAm(OH)2 + 3H+
	log_K    -13.78					

	# no SCM data for Th+4

	IllOH + NpO2+ = IllONpO2 + H+
	log_k   -2.33						# Data from /BB06/	
	IllOH + NpO2+ + H2O = IllONpO2(OH)- + 2H+
	log_k   -12.33						# Data from /BB06/	

	IllOH + UO2+2 = IllOUO2+ + H+
	log_k   0.8 						#  logK from /BB05a/ 
    IllOH + UO2+2 + H2O = IllOUO2(OH) + 2H+
	log_k   -5.6 						#  logK from /BB05a/ 

  	# no SCM data for SeO4-2
	
	# no SCM data for Fe+3
	# no SCM data for SO4-2